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Using performance to give voice to children of prisoners

Abstract: 

The loss of a parent to incarceration has a tremendous impact in the life of a child. For adolescents who are dealing with other difficult life issues, having a safe way to express their thoughts and feelings can make a tangible difference. At San Francisco's Balboa High School, students told their stories in the form of a play, and this literally meant the difference between dropping out and staying in school. This program was highlighted in the San Francisco Chronicle in April 2005.

Issue

According to Bureau of Justice national statistics, in 2007 more than 1.5 million American children had a parent or parents in prison, and about 50 percent of these children are under the age of 10. Most of these children grow up without the benefits of reliable adult in their lives. Parental incarceration can affect many aspects of a child’s life, including emotional and behavioral well-being, family stability, and financial circumstances. Providing a way for children to express themselves is an important intervention strategy in averting cycles of incarceration and helping kids live productive and fulfilling lives.

Action

Community Works/California (CW) is a nonprofit organization dedicated to using the arts and education as a catalyst for change among underserved populations in the San Francisco Bay Area. Through its arts programs, they forge links between diverse cultures and communities, improve educational attainment, increase self-empowerment and social responsibility, and foster community development. CW primarily serves incarcerated populations and at-risk youth, offering arts programming at San Francisco County jails and post-release facilities, as well as schools, after-school programs, and juvenile detention sites. Many CW programs culminate in public art exhibits or performances.
 
For many Balboa High School students, incarceration of parents, relatives, and friends, as well as violence in their neighborhood, is an unfortunate fact of life. Seventeen-year-olds from Balboa High created the play Sentences and went to Washington, D.C., to perform it. Although not all the students who participated in the program are children of incarcerated parents, all live in communities that are impacted by the realities of incarceration and violence.
 
Successful practices from this project include:

  • As part of a three-year grant, CW, with funding from the National Institute of Corrections, sent two staff members to work with the class at Balboa High. Mike Molina (one of the teachers) recruited students in the fall of 2004 by going to homerooms and lunch tables and reading poems he had written about his cousin being in jail, looking for teens with similar experiences. Most who signed up had had relatives in jail.
  • The 14 students and two staff from CW met every day in a basement room filled with couches and murals.
  • Former inmates were invited to the school to give accounts of their personal histories.
  • Molina and another staff person from CW taped the students as they recounted their stories. These testimonials became the basis for their class project: a public performance of their play.
  • The tape recordings were transformed into a script, and the students began memorizing their lines and putting emotion into their monologues.
  • Theater director, John Warren of Unconditional Theater in Berkeley, was enlisted to help.
  • The program at Balboa High was originally intended to serve as an in-class project with an after-school component. Unfortunately, due to budget constraints, the after-school component was cut. Students compensated for this lack of time by practicing with family members at home, with each other at lunch or on the phone in the evening.
  • The play includes hip-hop dance moves and a performance of the Haka, a Samoan warrior dance (seven of the Balboa students are Samoan, and two are half Samoan). Students also performed their own freestyle raps, read poems, and sang songs.
  • Initially, the play was to be performed at several venues in San Francisco. However, Ruth Morgan, director of CW, received an invitation from a longtime acquaintance at the Child Welfare League's Federal Resource Center for Children of Prisoners that the Balboa High students come to Washington, D.C. to perform at a conference.
  • During their springtime trip, students performed the play at Duke Ellington High School in Georgetown and at the conference of the National Child Welfare League at the Wardman Park Marriott. Duke Ellington High School is a public performing arts school in the Washington, D.C., area that draws mostly African American students from poor neighborhoods.
  • In attendance at the National Child Welfare League conference were social workers, probation officers, and wardens — people who work with prisoners all the time but had never listened to what their children had to say.

Since the program's success was based in large part on the mentoring that occurred between the students and the staff from CW, future programs will have a more intentional focus on one-to-one mentoring.

    Outcome

    Students involved in this performance program:

    • Learn how to express themselves and to speak out
    • Better understand the prison system
    • Build self-esteem, primarily from the consistent one-on-one mentoring they receive from staff at Community Works

    According to Ruth Gordon, director of Community Works, the students who participated in the performance class were students who were "one step from dropping out of school." The greatest testimony to the success of the program is that all of these students have stayed in school. One student said about the class, "It changed the direction my life was heading. I was thinking that I'm just going to walk down the street, and somebody's going to judge me anyway, so why try to be better with my life? ... Then I came to this class and I thought, well, maybe something positive can come out of going to college... Maybe I won't always be judged."

    For more information
    Citations: 

    Glaze, L. E., & Maruschak, L. M. (2008, August). Parents in prison and their minor children (Special Report NCJ 222984). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics. Retrieved from http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=823

    Knight, H. (2005, April 23). Balboa High class tries to break cycle of incarceration. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved from http://www.sfgate.com/education/article/Children-of-prisoners-find-a-release-Balboa-2686283.php


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